O reflorestamento das áreas de mata ciliar é uma necessidade, devendo ser implementado com espécies nativas, observando um nível adequado de diversidade biológica para assegurar a restauração dos processos ecológicos, condição indispensável para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
No Estado de São Paulo existem um milhão de hectares de áreas ciliares que precisam ser recuperados e reflorestados, sendo necessário produzir, plantar e manter dois bilhões de mudas (SMA, 2004). Para enfrentar este desafio, é preciso realizar pesquisas científicas, desenvolver e transferir tecnologia, promover a conscientização da sociedade e a capacitação dos diferentes atores sociais, identificar e viabilizar fontes de recursos e desenvolver estratégias e instrumentos que incentivem a mobilização e adesão dos produtores rurais e agricultores.
Metodologia
Existem diversos modelos utilizados no repovoamento florestal, onde é possível recuperar algumas das funções ecológicas da floresta, como a estabilidade do solo ou da própria dinâmica da floresta implantada (Pinay et al. 1990, Joly et al. 2000, Barbosa 2000).
Um fator fundamental para o sucesso dos plantios consiste na escolha das espécies mais apropriadas a serem utilizadas. Deve-se priorizar as espécies do próprio ecossistema e da própria região do plantio pois estas terão muito mais oportunidade de adaptação ao ambiente, além de garantir a conservação da diversidade regional.
Para esta escolha, pressupõe-se levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos prévios em remanescentes florestais próximos e em condições semelhantes ao local de implantação. Há diversos levantamentos da flora já efetuados para o Estado de São Paulo, no entanto as informações resultantes destes estudos encontram-se, muitas vezes, dispersas em trabalhos científicos e teses de difícil acesso.
Nesta parcela experimental estão sendo recuperados 3000 m2 de mata ciliar que estavam degradados em consequencia do pisoteio e pastoreio de gado. A área foi então cercada, o capim roçado e aberto covas manualmente, num espaçamento de aproximadamente 4x4m. As espécies plantadas foram cedidas pela Ecoar Florestal (Viveiro de Pilar do Sul), através do Projeto Floresta da Família.
River Forest Restoration in partnership with Ecoar Forest Institute
The gallery forests are fundamental to the ecological balance, offering protection to water and soil, reducing the silting of rivers, lakes and dams and preventing the input of pollutants into the aquatic environment. In addition they form corridors that contribute to the conservation of biodiversity; provide food and shelter for wildlife; are natural barriers against the spread of pests and diseases in agriculture, and, during their growth, fix and absorb carbon dioxide, one of key gases responsible for climate changes that affect the planet. The reforestation of the areas of riparian forest is a necessity and should be implemented with native species, observing an appropriate level of biological diversity to ensure the restoration of ecological processes, indispensable condition for sustainable development. In the State of Sao Paulo there are one million hectares of gallery areas that need to be recovered and reforestated, being necessary to produce, plant and maintain two billion seedlings (SMA, 2004). To address this challenge, we must conduct scientific research, develop and transfer technology, promote awareness of society and empowerment of the various social actors, and identify viable sources of resources and develop strategies and instruments to encourage the mobilization and membership of farmers and family agricultures .
Methodology There are several models used in reforestation, where it is possible to recover some of the ecological functions of the forest, as the stability of the soil or the actual dynamics of forest implanted (Pinay et al. 1990, Joly et al. 2000, Barbosa 2000). One critical factor to the success of the plantations is the choice of the most appropriate species to be used. You should prioritize the species's own ecosystem and the region of the plantation because they will have much more opportunity to adapt to the environment, and ensure the conservation of regional diversity. For this choice is assumed to be floristic surveys and fitossociologics prior to coming remaining forest and under similar conditions to the place of deployment. Several surveys of flora have already be done for the State of Sao Paulo, however the information resulting from these studies are often scattered in scientific papers and theses that are difficult to access. In this experimental plot are being recovered 3000 m2 of riparian forest that were degraded in consequence of pasture and grazing of livestock. The area was surrounded, the grass cut and open holes manually, a spacing of about 4x4m. The species planted were provided by Ecoar Forest ( Nursery at Pilar do Sul), by the Family Forest Project.
Methodology There are several models used in reforestation, where it is possible to recover some of the ecological functions of the forest, as the stability of the soil or the actual dynamics of forest implanted (Pinay et al. 1990, Joly et al. 2000, Barbosa 2000). One critical factor to the success of the plantations is the choice of the most appropriate species to be used. You should prioritize the species's own ecosystem and the region of the plantation because they will have much more opportunity to adapt to the environment, and ensure the conservation of regional diversity. For this choice is assumed to be floristic surveys and fitossociologics prior to coming remaining forest and under similar conditions to the place of deployment. Several surveys of flora have already be done for the State of Sao Paulo, however the information resulting from these studies are often scattered in scientific papers and theses that are difficult to access. In this experimental plot are being recovered 3000 m2 of riparian forest that were degraded in consequence of pasture and grazing of livestock. The area was surrounded, the grass cut and open holes manually, a spacing of about 4x4m. The species planted were provided by Ecoar Forest ( Nursery at Pilar do Sul), by the Family Forest Project.
Espécies PlantadasAçoita cavalo Luehea divaricata
Agulheiro Seguieria langsdorfii
Araçá-pitanga Eugenia leitonii
Aroeira Schinus terebinthifolia
Baga de macaco Allophylus edulis
Bugreiro Lithraea molleoides
Cambará Gochnatia polymorpha
Capixingui Croton floribundus
Capororoca Raphanea ferruginea
Cortiça amarela Rollinia sylvatica
Crindiúva Trema micrantha
Guamirim Eugenia
Embiruçu Eriotheca candolleana
Feijao Cru Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus
Jatobá Hymenaea courbaril
Jangada branca Alchornea triplinervia
Jacarandá bico-de-patoMachaerium acuelatum
Jaracatiá Jaracatia spinosa
Inga Inga vera
Leiteiro Peschiera fuchsiaefolia
Lixeira Aloysia virgata
Louro pardo Cordia trichotoma
Marmelinho Austroplenckia populnea
Mamica de porca Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
Mutambo Guazuma ulmifolia
Quina Aspidosperma discolor
Pau formiga Triplaris americana
Pau viola Citharexylum myrianthum
Pitanga Eugenia uniflora
Tamanqueiro Pera glabrata
Sangra dágua Croton urucurana
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